图文 | 鱼类对人类的重要性：不仅仅是食物来源

鱼类对人类的重要性：不仅仅是食物来源

THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH TO MAN: NOT JUST A FOOD SOURCE

鱼类在经济上对人类非常重要，其重要性体现在以下几个重要用途：1.食品；2.它们会产生副产品；3.他们可以控制疾病；4.是许多发展中地区和低收入缺粮国家的收入和就业来源。

Fish are very important to man economically. They are important 1. As food, 2. they give by-products 3. They can control diseases, and 4. are a source of income and employment for many developing regions and in low-income food-deficit countries (LIFDCs). 

鱼类是水生、冷血和头盖骨脊椎动物，属于脊索动物门下的超级纲双鱼座(生物学讨论，2012)。Fish are aquatic, cold-blooded and craniate vertebrates belonging to the superclass Pisces under phylum Chordata (Biology Discussion, 2012). 

根据联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的数据，鱼类消费有显著增长，这通过多样化和有营养的食物提高了全世界人民的饮食水平。2013年，鱼类约占全球人口动物蛋白摄入量的17%，占所有蛋白质消费的6.7%。

According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), there is a significant growth in fish consumption and this has enhanced people’s diets around the world through diversified and nutritious food. In 2013, fish accounted for about 17 percent of the global population’s intake of animal protein and 6.7 percent of all protein consumed. 

鱼类和贝类中的蛋白质非常容易消化，研究表明，鱼类中的氨基酸比牛肉、猪肉或鸡肉更容易被生物利用(你的身体更容易吸收和利用它们)。鱼类和贝类也含有大量的必需氨基酸，因此它们的氨基酸得分很高（详见http://nutritiondata.self.com）。

The protein in fish and shellfish is very easy to digest and research shows that the amino acids in fish are more bioavailable (your body can absorb and use them more readily) than beef, pork, or chicken 2,3.  Fish and shellfish also have a balanced quantity of all of the essential amino acids, giving them very high Amino Acid Scores (see http://nutritiondata.self.com). 

少量的鱼可以对植物性饮食产生显著的积极营养影响，在许多lifd和最不发达国家中也是如此。鱼通常富含不饱和脂肪，并对健康有益，可预防心血管疾病(粮农组织2016年)

Small quantities of fish can have a significant positive nutritional impact on plant-based diets, and this is the case in many LIFDCs and the least-developed countries. Fish is usually high in unsaturated fats and provides health benefits in protection against cardiovascular diseases (FAO 2016) 

鱼还可以帮助控制疟疾、黄热病和其他通过蚊子传播的可怕疾病。例如，食幼虫鱼以蚊子的幼虫为食，重要的食幼虫鱼有Gambusia, Panchax, Haplochitus, Trichogaster。

Fish can also assist in controlling diseases like malaria, yellow fever, and other dreadful diseases that are spread through mosquitoes. For example, the Larvivorous fish eat the larva of mosquitoes and the important larvivorous fish are Gambusia, Panchax, Haplochitus, and Trichogaster. 

鱼还富含两种非常重要的矿物质，这两种矿物质很难从其他食物中获得足够的量:碘和硒。这些对甲状腺功能和甲状腺激素的生物合成和代谢至关重要(国家生物技术信息中心，美国国家医学图书馆，2008年)。

Fish is also rich in two very important minerals which can be challenging to get in sufficient quantities from other foods:  iodine and selenium. These are essential for thyroid gland functioning and thyroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism (National Centre for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2008). 

PaleoMom.com网站称，鱼是维生素D的食物来源。

The Website, PaleoMom.com says that Fish is a food source of Vitamin D. 

“维生素D是一种类固醇激素，控制着200多个基因和这些基因所调节的蛋白质的表达。维生素D是矿物质代谢(它调节钙、磷和镁的吸收和运输)以及骨骼矿化和生长所必需的，”萨拉·巴兰坦博士在她的网站paleom.com上写道。

“Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that controls the expression of more than 200 genes and the proteins those genes regulate.  Vitamin D is essential for mineral metabolism (it regulates absorption and transport of calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium) and for bone mineralization and growth,” writes Dr. Sarah Ballantyne on her website, PaleoMom.com. 

​鱼产生了许多可用于商业用途的副产品。鱼副产品包括鱼油、鱼粪、鱼胶、鱼胶:一种凝胶状物质，从鲈鱼、印度鲑鱼和猫鱼的膀胱中获得，用于制备特殊水泥和澄清葡萄酒和啤酒;鲨鱼皮:鲨鱼和鳐鱼的皮肤，有尖而锋利的盾状鳞片，用来打磨木头和其他材料。它也被用来覆盖珠宝盒和剑;皮革和人造珍珠(生物学讨论，2012)。

Fish gives a number of by-products that are utilised commercially. Fish by-products include Fish oil, Fish Manure, Fish Glue, Isinglass: a gelatinous substance, obtained from the air bladder of perches, Indian Salmons, and catfish used in the preparation of special cement and in the clarification of wine and beer; Shagreen: The skin of sharks and rays, which has pointed and sharp placoid scales used in polishing the wood and other materials. It is also used for covering the jewelry boxes and swords; Leather and artificial Pearls (Biology Discussion, 2012). 

南非政府表示，渔业的发展创造了更多的就业机会。

The South African government has said that the development of the fishing industry generates more employment opportunities. 

“在南非，渔业部门每年价值约60亿兰特，直接雇用约27 000名商业部门人员。还有成千上万的人及其家庭依靠这些资源获得食物和基本生活需求”(南非政府，2014年)

“In South Africa, the fisheries sector is worth around R6 billion per annum and directly employs some 27 000 people in the commercial sector. Thousands more and their families depend on these resources for food and the basic needs of life” (SA Gov, 2014) 

References | 参考资料：

1. THE IMPORTANCE OF FISH TO MAN: NOT JUST A FOOD SOURCE. MASIFUNDISE, 2016. https://www.masifundise.org/the-importance-of-fish-to-man-not-just-a-food-source/